ESTIRJ Volume 7, Issue4  DEC, 2023

Paper 1: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SURGE ARRESTER EFFECTIVENESS AGAINST LIGHTNING AT SOLAR & GRID ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (1-7)

Abstract: Various government organizations are increasingly integrating their solar farms with utility grids, driven by concerns related to fossil fuels, the economy, and the environment. However, these installations are vulnerable to lightning strikes, both direct and indirect, which can disrupt power supply and damage equipment insulation, also dedicated standards are not available for lightning protection of PV System. To address these challenges, surge arrester effectiveness is conducted to anticipate extreme operating conditions. This research aims to evaluate the system's resilience against transient overvoltages and assess the effectiveness of protection devices in securing solar and grid electrical systems. The study examines different lightning transients impact using PSCAD/EMTDCS Software with pre and post lightning protection system at solar and Grid electrical power system. The performance evaluation will determine insulation stress and surge arrester effectiveness in mitigating lightning transients.

Full Text Download

Paper 2: TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY TO MITIGATE POWER SHORTAGE OF HYDERABAD SINDH (8-16)

Abstract: Pakistan possesses abundant renewable resources to support the power sector. The goal of this research is to close gaps and create technically sound and economically viable sustainable energy systems. This study uses HOMER software to do a techno-economic analysis of an hybrid system in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. In order to meet Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan's power needs, this paper suggests an energy model that consists of multiple case studies with varying powers (PV of 0, 292, 250, and 500 kW, BG of 1000, 1000, 750, and 500 kW) and incorporates photovoltaic, biomass generator, battery, and converter. These systems have been designed, modelled, and refined for techno-economic viability while accounting for climate data, geographic locations, and the profile of electricity demand. In order to identify the best cost-effective solutions for generating 0.90079 Megawatt hours of energy daily, a sensitivity analysis has been performed. The hybrid system's net present cost (NPC) ranges from 285.211 million to 743.182 million rupees, according to simulation results, while its cost of energy (COE) ranges from 52.51 to 136.78 rupees per kilowatt hour. To do a techno-economic assessment, a comparison study is conducted using varying power outputs from photovoltaic and biomass generators. The lowest net present cost and energy cost, at 285.211 million rupees and 52.51 rupees per kilowatt hour, respectively, are provided by the 500 kW PV and 500 kW biomass generator. Because of the benefits to the system, the research findings indicate that using biomass and photovoltaic together is a more practical and cost-effective approach. The study also demonstrated the efficiency of combining solar and biomass energy to generate surplus electricity.

Full Text Download

Paper 3: OPTIMIZED SIZING AND ANALYSIS OF GRID-TIED RENEWABLE ENERGY BASED EV CHARGING SYSTEM (17-21)

Abstract: : DThe transport sector is one of the major emitters of greenhouse gases GHG, which pollutes the atmosphere system and affects the respiration system in living organisms. It also produces extreme heat and a noisy environment. On the other hand, due to increasing prices and the depletion of fossil fuels, there is an increased focus on transforming fossil fuel-based automobiles into green and clean sources of energy; this is possible only to work on renewable energy-based electric vehicles (EVs) and AI-based EVs charging station, Pakistan is also facing stressed climate change in the context of the warned situation of the worst air quality index. The transit shift from fuel-based vehicles (FFVs) to electric vehicles is, therefore, unavoidable and the best way to protect the country's transport sector from decarbonization.

Full Text Download

p>

Paper 4: BIOMASS GASIFIER WASTE FOR CORROSION INHIBITOR APPLICATION (22-26)

Abstract: Mild steel is widely used in construction, nuclear power and oil and gas industries because of its incredibly low cost. The biggest drawback of it is that it is poor corrosion resistant when exposed to corrosive environments. Use of corrosion inhibitor is one efficient and affordable way to reduce the excessive amount of corrosion in acidic and saline environment. This has necessitated the present trend of searching for and developing green inhibitors that are environmentally benign, non-toxic, biodegradable, and low in cost. In this work green inhibitor made of waste of biomass gasifier was investigated by waste loss and electrochemical method. The results show that waste of biomass gasifier extract possesses good inhibition properties. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with concentration and corrosion rate is decrease. The highest inhibition efficiency obtained was above 60% in NaCl environment on the surface of low carbon steel, which shows that Low carbon steel in NaCl environment provides an excellent corrosion resistance. The inhibition efficiency obtained is mainly due to the presence of Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenols in the inhibitor.

Full Text Download

Paper 5: INVESTIGATING THE INACCURACIES IN ORIFICE METERING BASED NATURAL GAS MEASUREMENT THROUGH NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS

Abstract: Natural gas measurement is essential in various industries, and one commonly employed method is through the use of orifice meters. These meters determine the volumetric flow of natural gas by assessing the differential pressure between the upstream and downstream sections of a partially impeded pipe, orifice. Orifice meters offer several advantages, including simple to install, cost-effectiveness, mechanical stability, and a wide operational range in terms of temperature, pressure, and size. There are several parameters involved in measurement of accurate gas flow like gravity, pressure, temperature, and composition. In addition to this, installation of plate, proper dia for certain flow measurements, beveling of orifice dia and bending of plate over the period of time play significant role to over/under cast the flow measurement. The objective of this research is to comprehensively investigate the factors affecting the accuracy of orifice metering for natural gas measurement through numerical simulations. This study entails the development of a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for orifice metering and focuses on three primary research objectives. First, a detailed examination of the impact of variations in orifice plate characteristics (such as plate thickness, bevel-edge angle, orientation, and plate bending) on measurement inaccuracies will be conducted using CFD simulations. By addressing these objectives, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the factors affecting orifice metering accuracy, contributing to a better understanding of the operational limitations and potential areas for improvement in natural gas measurement using orifice meters. .

Full Text Download

Paper 1: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TURNING PROCESS PARAMETERS OF D3 STEEL UNDER NANOFLUID CONDITION WITH CBN INSERT(36-41)

Abstract: Various government organizations are increasingly integrating their solar farms with utility grids, driven by concerns related to fossil fuels, the economy, and the environment. However, these installations are vulnerable to lightning strikes, both direct and indirect, which can disrupt power supply and damage equipment insulation, also dedicated standards are not available for lightning protection of PV System. To address these challenges, surge arrester effectiveness is conducted to anticipate extreme operating conditions. This research aims to evaluate the system's resilience against transient overvoltages and assess the effectiveness of protection devices in securing solar and grid electrical systems. The study examines different lightning transients impact using PSCAD/EMTDCS Software with pre and post lightning protection system at solar and Grid electrical power system. The performance evaluation will determine insulation stress and surge arrester effectiveness in mitigating lightning transients.

Full Text Download

Paper 6: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TURNING PROCESS PARAMETERS OF D3 STEEL UNDER NANOFLUID CONDITION WITH CBN INSERT(36-41)

Abstract: : In recent years, nanofluids are widely used as coolant for machining of metals to enhance tool life and to impart good surface finish of workpiece. Turning D3 steel, a high carbon and high chromium steel commonly used for tool and die manufacturing, poses challenges such as elevated tool wear, low material removal rate (MRR) and difficulty achieving a smooth surface finish. This study investigates the turning process of D3 steel using Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) insert with the assistance of nanofluid in a minimum quantity lubricant (NFMQL) setup. Nanofluid was developed by dispersing silver doped Al2O3 nanoparticles in different portions in the deionized (DI) water. Turning D3 steel involved adjusting key parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) while maintaining a constant MQL flow rate of 240 ml/hr. The results show nanofluid based turning generated better surface finish on the D3 steel compared to dry turning and to analyze the impact of Ag Al2O3 based nanofluid on the surface finish of workpiece under both coolant and dry conditions. The percentage reduction between average surface roughness values under dry and nanofluid is approximately 29.17% and tool life is about 49.05% increased under nanofluid compared to dry conditions.

Full Text Download

Paper 7: SMART DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY THEFT DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (42-46)

Abstract: The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has provided a fertile ground for innovative solutions in the realm of home security, with a primary focus on theft detection. This thesis presents an in-depth study and practical implementation of a Smart Domestic Electricity Theft Detection and Avoidance System, leveraging IoT technology to safeguard residential premises against the unauthorized consumption of electrical power, specifically emphasizing non-monitored loads. The system is meticulously engineered to monitor and analyze critical electrical parameters at two pivotal locations: the point of electrical distribution (PMT) and within designated houses, where non-monitored loads can pose a significant risk. The thesis explores the system's design, implementation, and data analysis phases, spotlighting its ability to efficiently detect theft events, thereby offering substantial insights into the identification of non-monitored load discrepancies. This research not only contributes to the burgeoning field of IoT-based home security but also underscores the practicality of utilizing IoT technology to combat electrical power theft, with particular attention to non-monitored loads. Importantly, the project aims to protect utility service providers' resources, reduce losses due to theft, and ultimately contribute to more cost-effective electricity rates for consumers, all while enhancing home security in the age of IoT. This innovative system provides a powerful tool for both service providers and consumers, not only in reducing financial losses but also in ensuring a more secure and efficient use of electrical power resources. The potential cost savings and enhanced security aspects make this research highly relevant and promising for the future of home power management.

Full Text Download

Paper 8: DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM (47-51)

Abstract: VThis research explores the issue of the health of distribution transformers and provides valuable insights into the importance of continuous monitoring and the use of thermal imaging in the maintenance of distribution networks. Distribution transformers are an essential element of any power system, fulfilling the vital function of supplying electricity for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes. However, it is important to acknowledge certain weaknesses associated with these transformers, such as excessive load, reduced efficiency, and shorter lifespan. The primary objective of this study is to employ thermal imaging as a means to assess the performance of distribution transformers, thus enabling the early detection of faults and facilitating enhanced maintenance procedures.

Full Text Download